Tourism, society, and the environment in the assessment of sustainable beaches: application of Blue Flag criteria in Playa Paraíso and Puerto Engabao, Ecuador

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the level of compliance with Blue Flag criteria at Playa Paraíso and Puerto Engabao, with the objective of identifying critical gaps and opportunities to strengthen sustainable tourism management in the territory. The research was carried out through a comparative analysis of Blue Flag criteria at both beaches, considering key dimensions such as water quality, environmental management, tourism services and infrastructure, safety, as well as environmental education and awareness processes. To this end, direct observation techniques, interviews with local stakeholders involved in tourism activity, and a systematic review of technical documents related to coastal management were employed. The results showed that Playa Paraíso achieved a compliance level of 17.6%, while Puerto Engabao obtained 21.2%. In both cases, the most deficient criterion was water quality, due to the absence of regular microbiological monitoring to ensure adequate sanitary conditions. Likewise, limitations were identified associated with basic infrastructure, signage, accessibility, and the existence of emergency plans. Nevertheless, community efforts were recognized in cleaning actions and environmental education activities, although these are carried out in an isolated manner and without an articulated strategy. In summary, the findings reflected that, despite the commitment of certain local stakeholders, existing initiatives lack institutional support and governance mechanisms to ensure their continuity and effectiveness.